Statistical tables

Poisson Distribution

Table of the Poisson distribution Po(λ): probability mass function P(X = k) and cumulative distribution P(X ≤ k) for various values of λ. Click any cell to read the exact value.

How to read the table: each cell shows P(X = k) = e−λ·λk/k! Rows: values of k. Columns: values of λ. For k much larger than λ the probabilities are practically 0 (shown as 0.0000).
Click a cell to read the value.

P(X = k) for λ from 0.5 to 10

How to read the table: each cell shows P(X ≤ k) = Σᵢ₌₀ᵏ e−λ·λi/i! For P(X > k) use the complement: 1 − P(X ≤ k). For P(a ≤ X ≤ b) = P(X ≤ b) − P(X ≤ a − 1).
Click a cell to read the value.

P(X ≤ k) for λ from 0.5 to 10

How to use these tables

Poisson Distribution

The Poisson distribution models the number of events occurring in an interval of time or space, when the events occur independently at a mean rate λ. Its probability mass function is:

\( P(X = k) = \dfrac{e^{-\lambda}\,\lambda^k}{k!}, \quad k = 0, 1, 2, \ldots \)

The mean and variance coincide: E[X] = Var[X] = λ.

Useful properties

  • Sum of Poissons: if X ~ Po(λ₁) and Y ~ Po(λ₂) are independent, then X + Y ~ Po(λ₁ + λ₂).
  • Approximation to the binomial: B(n, p) ≈ Po(np) when n is large and p is small (np ≤ 5 as a guideline).
  • Normal approximation: for large λ, Po(λ) ≈ N(λ, λ).

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